Which food items are typical of
a herbivorous diet? (21.1)
2.
In which of the following ways
are a wolf, a hummingbird, a termite, and a cow alike? (21.1)
3.
A bulk-feeder would likely _____.
(21.1)
4.
The first stage of food processing
is _____. (21.2)
5.
Which part of a chicken's digestive
system grinds food with sand or gravel? (21.3)
6.
In vertebrates, food is moved along
the length of the digestive system by ____________. (21.4)
7.
Where does salivary amylase come
from? (21.5)
8.
Chemical digestion of carbohydrates
begins in the _____. (21.5)
9.
What is found in a bolus? (21.5)
10.
The
purpose of the tongue is to ?
11.
A mutation in the genes for both
salivary and pancreatic amylase will greatly affect the chemical digestion of _____. (21.5)
12.
The pharynx leads to the _____.
(21.6)
13.
Which of these secretes either
a digestive enzyme or a precursor to a digestive enzyme? (21.7)
14.
What is acid chyme ?_____. (21.8)
15.
How does protein digestion work?
(21.8)
16.
Pepsin is an enzyme produced in
the stomach that attacks proteins to break them down into smaller peptide molecules. Which one of the following statements
is true about this enzyme? (21.8)
17.
Which of the following is properly
matched with its product? (21.8)
18.
Which of the following might make
the most effective anti-ulcer medication? A chemical that _____. (21.9)
19.
How is the stomach lining protected
from the caustic acid pH of its contents? (21.9)
20.
An open sore that appears in the
stomach due to bacterial infection and to gastric juice digesting the stomach lining is called ____________. (21.9)
21.
In humans, most nutrient molecules
are absorbed by the _____. (21.10)
22.
The largest variety of digestive
enzymes function in the _____. (21.10)
23.
Gallstone surgery sometimes requires
that the gallbladder be removed. Patients are then advised to avoid ingesting large amounts of fat because _____. (21.10)
24.
The lungs consist of many small
air sacs and blood vessels, which greatly increase surface area and improve the transfer of substances through their walls.
The structures in the digestive system similar in function to these air sacs and capillaries are the _____. (21.10)
25.
Imagine that you have eaten a meal
containing the following nutrients. Which would NOT have to be digested before being absorbed? (21.10)
26.
How does the enzyme lipase work
in digestion? (21.10)
27.
Which of these digestive enzymes
removes one amino acid at a time from the ends of polypeptide chains? (21.10)
28.
Which of the following is the actual
absorptive surface within the lumen of the small intestine? (21.10)
29.
The natural antacid produced to
protect the intestines against stomach acid is produced in the ____________. (21.10)
30.
The liver and pancreas add their
secretions to the partially digested food produced in the stomach, at the _____. (21.10)
31.
What is nutrition and digestion?
(21.10)
32.
What is the purpose of the human
digestive system? (21.11)
33.
What relation do indigestible plant
fibers, prokaryotes, and vitamins have with the digestive system? (21.11)
34.
When the colon contracts strongly,
_____. (21.11)
35.
Which one of the following organs
of the digestive system does NOT produce any secretions that aid in digestion? (21.11)
36.
Prokaryotes living in our large
intestines provide us with _____. (21.11)
37.
How would you expect the digestive
system of a hawk (a carnivore) to compare with that of a sparrow (a seed eater)? (21.12)
38.
Resting energy use is measured
as _____. (21.14)
39.
What are essential nutrients?
40.
What is the easiest way to meet
all of your essential amino acid needs? (21.16)
41.
It is important to get some vitamin
B1 every day, but it is all right if the intake of vitamin A varies a bit. Why? (21.17)
42.
The fat-soluble vitamins include
____________.
43.
In general, B vitamins function
in your body as ____________.
44.
The main reason we need some minerals
and some vitamins is that _____. (21.17)
45.
____ are needed in the diet as
components of teeth and bone, normal muscle and nerve function, water balance, and parts of certain enzymes. (21.18)
46.
A breakfast cereal advertises that
it contains essential vitamins and minerals. In this context, the word "essential" means ____________. (21.18)
47.
The percent daily value of a nutrient
that appears on a food label is based on a diet containing _____ kcal per day. (21.19)
48.
Let's say that you want to have
a heart attack or stroke and thus, if you survive, become a burden on your family. You decide to accomplish this by lowering
your HDL levels and raising your LDL levels. Which of these lifestyles would be best suited to helping you achieve your goal?
(21.19)
