1.
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What is the purpose of the circulatory system? (23.1) |
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2.
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Which animal has a closed vascular system? (23.2) |
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3.
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The open circulatory system _____. (23.2) |
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Closed circulatory systems ____________. (23.2) |
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5.
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In a fish, the cardiovascular system has a ____ pump, while in a mammal, it has a ____ pump. (23.3) |
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The function of the pulmonary circuit is to ____________. (23.3) |
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7.
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What is unique about blood in pulmonary arteries compared with blood in other arteries? (23.4) |
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8.
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Which chamber(s) of the heart hold(s) oxygenated blood? (23.4) |
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left ventricle and left atrium |
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both left and right atria |
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left atrium only |
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right atrium and right ventricle |
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right atrium only |
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9.
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Where does blood go directly after it leaves the inferior vena cava? (23.4)
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into the capillaries of the upper body |
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into the lungs |
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into the pulmonary artery |
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into the right atrium |
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into the most powerful side of the heart |
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10.
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Which one of the following correctly traces a drop of blood through the circulatory system? (23.4) |
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right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body, right
atrium |
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left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, body, left
atrium |
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right ventricle, lungs, right atrium, left ventricle, body, left
atrium |
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left ventricle, lungs, left atrium, right ventricle, body, right
atrium |
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right ventricle, body, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right
atrium |
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11.
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Emphysema damages the tissues of the lungs and increases peripheral resistance, forcing the heart to increase its contraction
strength to compensate. In which of the following would changes first be detectable? (23.4) |
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aorta |
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right atrium |
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left atrium |
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right ventricle |
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left ventricle |
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12.
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The blood vessels with the thinnest walls are the _____. (23.5) |
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arterioles |
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venules |
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arteries |
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capillaries |
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veins |
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13.
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From outside to inside, the tissue layers of both arteries and veins are composed of _____. (23.5) |
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epithelium |
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smooth muscle, epithelium |
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epithelium, connective tissue, smooth muscle |
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connective tissue, smooth muscle, epithelium |
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smooth muscle, epithelium, connective tissue |
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14.
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_____ transport blood to capillaries, and _____ transport blood away from capillaries. (23.5) |
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Arteries ... arterioles |
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Veins ... arteries |
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Venules ... veins |
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Venules ... arteries |
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Arterioles ... venules |
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15.
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Heart valves function to _____. (23.6) |
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keep blood moving forward through the heart |
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mix blood thoroughly as it passes through the heart |
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control the amount of blood pumped by the heart |
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slow blood down as it passes through the heart |
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propel blood as it passes through the heart |
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16.
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Pressure is greatest in the ventricles when _____. (23.6) |
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oxygenated blood arrives at the right ventricle |
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oxygenated blood arrives at the left atrium |
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AV valves are open and semilunar valves are closed |
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the ventricles contract |
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the atria contract during early systole |
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17.
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What total information is necessary to calculate the cardiac output of the heart? (23.6) |
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the number of beats per minute |
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the volume of blood in the circulatory system |
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the amount of blood exiting the ventricle with each beat |
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heart rate |
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liters of blood pumped per minute |
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18.
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During systole of the ventricles, _____. (23.6) |
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the AV valves open and the semilunar valves close |
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the AV valves close and the semilunar valves open |
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both the AV and semilunar valves open |
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both the AV and semilunar valves close |
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the SA node opens and the AV node closes |
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When the heart beats, a "lub-dup" sound pattern is heard. What causes the "lub" sound? (23.6) |
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a defect in one or more of the heart valves |
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the closure of the semilunar valves during systole |
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the closure of the semilunar valves during diastole |
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the recoil of blood against the closed AV valves during diastole |
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the recoil of blood against the closed AV valves during systole |
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20.
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A recording of the electrical activity of a patient's heart shows that the atria are contracting regularly and normally,
but every few beats the ventricles fail to contract. Which of the following is probably functioning improperly? (23.7) |
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AV node |
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semilunar valve |
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coronary artery |
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pacemaker |
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AV valve |
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21.
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The SA node generates an electrical impulse from its location in the ____________. (23.7) |
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left atrium, causing ventricular contraction |
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left ventricle wall, from which the impulse is carried to specialized
muscle fibers that relay the signals to the tips of the ventricles |
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right atrium, causing atrial contraction |
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left ventricle, causing atrial contraction |
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none of these |
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22.
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What is atherosclerosis? (23.8) |
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severe pain of the heart muscle due to lack of oxygen |
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buildup of lipids along the inside of heart vessels |
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a condition promoted by overexercise |
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the result of balloon angioplasty |
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the noncontracting scar tissue that replaces heart muscle when
heart vessels are blocked |
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23.
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What is the physiological cause of a heart attack? (23.8) |
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rupture of coronary arteries |
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severe angina |
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a blood clot moving through the heart |
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a blood clot lodging in a blood vessel supplying the heart |
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scar tissue in the heart muscle |
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24.
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Which of these would help you in your quest to develop cardiovascular disease? (23.8)
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exercise |
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eat a diet low in cholesterol |
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eat a diet low in saturated fat |
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smoke |
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None of these increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. |
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25.
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_____ is the leading cause of death in the United States. (23.8) |
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Stroke |
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HIV infection |
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Homicide |
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Cancer |
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Heart attack |
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26.
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What is meant be the term "stroke"? (23.8) |
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the spread of cancer cells from the site of a tumor to other
sites in the body |
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the death of brain tissue as a result of the blockage of blood
flow to the head |
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an abnormally low number of red blood cells |
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an abnormally low amount of hemoglobin |
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the death of heart muscle as a result of the blockage of coronary
arteries |
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27.
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Blood pressure is greatest in the _____. (23.9) |
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arteries |
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venae cavae |
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aorta |
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capillaries |
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venules |
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28.
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The contraction of _____ muscle will inhibit the flow of blood into an arteriole. (23.9) |
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skeletal muscle |
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striated muscle |
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cardiac muscle |
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branched muscle |
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smooth muscle |
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29.
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Your blood pressure is 120/70. The "120" indicates __________, and the "70" indicates __________. (23.10) |
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pressure in the left ventricle ... pressure in the right ventricle |
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arterial pressure ... venous pressure |
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arterial pressure during heart contraction ... arterial pressure
during heart relaxation |
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pressure in the left ventricle ... pressure in the left atrium |
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pressure in the systemic circuit ... pressure in the pulmonary
circuit |
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30.
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High blood pressure is also known as _____. (23.10) |
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anemia |
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hypertonic |
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hypotonic |
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hypertension |
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hypotension |
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31.
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Chronic high blood pressure contributes to _____. (23.10) |
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heart attack risk |
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stroke risk |
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aggravation of atherosclerosis |
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risk of kidney failure |
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all of these |
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32.
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What is responsible for the sounds that are used to measure blood pressure? (23.10)
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the closing of the semilunar valves |
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the pain one experiences when the blood pressure cuff is inflated |
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uneven blood flow through an artery |
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leaky heart valves |
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the recoil of blood against closed AV valves |
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33.
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You can increase your risk of developing hypertension by _____. (23.10) |
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not smoking |
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maintaining proper weight |
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exercising |
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being born a female (and staying young) |
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choosing the wrong parents |
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34.
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The distribution of blood to capillaries is controlled by _____. (23.11)
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aortic blood pressure |
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smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood from arteries
into arterioles and the precapillary sphincters that regulate the flow of blood from arterioles into capillaries |
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smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into venules |
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valves that are found at the junction of arterioles and capillaries |
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the velocity of blood flow through arterioles and the blood pressure
within capillaries |
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35.
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Gasses diffuse across a capillary wall, moving between the _____ and _____. (23.12)
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blood ... interstitial fluid |
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blood ... body tissue |
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oxygen ... carbon dioxide |
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blood ... water |
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body tissue ... interstitial fluid |
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36.
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At the arteriole end of a capillary, blood pressure _____ osmotic pressure so that there is a net flow of fluid _____ the
capillary; at the venous end, blood pressure _____ osmotic pressure so that there is a net flow of fluid _____ the capillary.
(23.12) |
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is less than ... out of ... exceeds ... into |
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exceeds ... out of ... is less than ... into |
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exceeds ... out of ... exceeds ... into |
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exceeds ... into ... is less than ... out of |
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Forget it; there is too much here for me to figure it out. |
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37.
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Which of these will NOT freely move out of a capillary? (23.12) |
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water |
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proteins |
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sugars |
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salts |
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oxygen |
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38.
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The major component of plasma is _____. (23.12) |
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water |
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erythrocytes |
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albumin |
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fibrinogen |
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leukocytes |
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39.
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Which of these transports oxygen? (23.14) |
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basophils |
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red blood cells |
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platelets |
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monocytes |
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neutrophils |
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40.
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At maturity, _____ lack nuclei. (23.14) |
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smooth muscle cells |
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skeletal muscle cells |
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eosinophils |
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stem cells |
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erythrocytes |
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41.
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Three or four of the following functions are carried out by leukocytes (white blood cells). Which one, if any, is NOT a
leukocyte function? (23.15) |
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scavenging dead cells |
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synthesizing antibodies |
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engulfing bacteria |
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engulfing viruses |
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All of the above are carried out by leukocytes. |
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42.
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The primary sealant that plugs leaks in blood vessels is _____. (23.16) |
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fibrin |
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red blood cells |
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white blood cells |
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albumin |
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hemoglobin |
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43.
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Assume that you wish to form a blood clot and you have the following substances in a dish: fibrinogen and prothrombin.
Minimally, which one of the following would you need to add in order to form a new clot? (23.16) |
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fibrin |
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thrombin |
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calcium ions |
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iron |
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calcium |
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44.
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A patient with which of the following conditions would probably NOT be helped by injections of purified stem cells? (23.17) |
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impaired resistance to infection |
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leukemia |
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AIDS |
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hypertension |
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sickle-cell disease |
