Select the hydrocarbon from the following choices. (3.1)

Which is an organic molecule? (3.1)

Which element is most particularly associated with organic chemistry? (3.1)

Carbon atoms are the most versatile building blocks of the molecules used by living organisms because _____. (3.1)

Citric acid makes lemons taste sour. Which of the following is a functional group that would cause a molecule like citric acid to be acidic? (3.2)

Which of these is found in amines? (3.2)

Choose the pair of terms that completes this sentence: Hydroxyl is to ____ as ____ is to amine. (3.2)

Although the structures of the functional groups important to life vary in chemical structure, they share one thing in common: They _____. (3.2)

Ethanol, propanol, and methanol are three simple alcohols. They can be grouped together because they _____. (3.2)

The ionized or dissociated carboxyl group may be written as _____. (3.2)

Choose the pair of terms that complete this sentence about functional groups in organic chemistry: Carboxyl is to __________ as __________ is to base. (3.2)

What is the process by which cells link monomers together to form polymers? (3.3)

In a hydrolysis reaction, _____. In this process, water is _____. (3.3)

The four main categories of macromolecules in a cell are _____. (3.3)

Which one of the following molecules is a carbohydrate? (3.4)

Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies _____. (3.4)

One characteristic shared by sucrose and maltose is _____. (3.5)

Which of these has the highest perceived sweetness? (3.6)

Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____. (3.7)

Generally, animals cannot digest the linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating grass? (3.7)

In what polysaccharide form do plants store sugar to be available later for energy? (3.7)

The complex carbohydrate that you are most likely to have eaten recently is _____. (3.7)

A polysaccharide that we use for storing energy in our muscles and livers is _____. (3.7)

Which one of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates (as a class)? (3.7)

Which one of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract with the least digestion? (3.7)

A glucose molecule is to starch as _____. (3.7)

Lipids differ from other large biological molecules in that they _____. (3.8)

Which is the correct term for compounds that do not mix with water? (3.8)

Nutritionally, saturated triglycerides are considered to be less healthful than unsaturated. What is one major difference between them? (3.8)

A fatty acid containing at least two double bonds is called _____. (3.8)

Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid by ___________. (3.8)

Hydrogenated vegetable oils are more like animal fats than are other plant oils. Because they ____ than other plant oils, they can contribute to cardiovascular disease. (3.8)

The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____. (3.9)

Cholesterol belongs to which class of molecules? (3.9)

Some athletes use anabolic steroids to build their body mass. Why is this considered a problematic practice? (3.10)

The ovalbumin in egg white can be classified as which type of protein? (3.11)

Protein molecules are polymers of _____. (3.12)

Which of the following do nucleic acids and proteins have in common? (3.12)

Which of these is found in amino acids? (3.12)

To what does the term "polypeptide" specifically refer? (3.13)

The peptide bond is _____. (3.13)

Which of the following would probably NOT be affected when a protein is denatured? (3.14)

Enzyme molecules require a specific shape to perform their catalytic function. Which of the following might alter the protein shape? (3.14)

The "primary structure" of a protein refers to _____. (3.15)

The alpha helix and pleated sheet represent which level of protein structure? (3.16)

The overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide is called the _____. (3.17)

How does a protein's quaternary structure differ from other levels of protein structure? (3.18)

Based on the way nitrogen bases pair, you would expect the percentage of ___ to be equal to the percentage of ____. (3.20)

How does DNA differ from RNA? (3.20)

A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components? (3.20)

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____. (3.20)