1.
 | |
The two major groups of primates are _____. (19.1) |
|
monkeys and anthropoids |
|
prosimians and apes |
|
monkeys and apes |
|
prosimians and anthropoids |
|
Old World monkeys and New World monkeys |
|
2.
| |
If you were to observe a monkey in a zoo, which characteristic would indicate a New World origin for that monkey species?
(19.1) |
|
distinct seat pads |
|
forward-facing eyes |
|
use of the tail to hang from a tree limb |
|
flat nails on their digits |
|
nostrils that are narrow and close together |
|
3.
| |
The earliest primates were most similar to modern _____. (19.1) |
|
ground-dwelling hominids |
|
arboreal anthropoids |
|
ground-dwelling prosimians |
|
arboreal prosimians |
|
ground-dwelling anthropoids |
|
4.
| |
Humans and the slender loris, a prosimian, share many traits that probably evolved in our early primate ancestors, including
_____. (19.1) |
|
opposable big toes |
|
an arboreal way of life |
|
opposable thumbs |
|
culture |
|
bipedalism (upright walking) |
|
5.
| |
Humans, apes, and monkeys are classified together as _____. (19.1) |
|
hominids |
|
anthropoids |
|
hominoids |
|
brachiators |
|
Australopithecinae |
|
6.
| |
Primates are distinguished from other mammals by __________. (19.1) |
|
opposable thumbs, nails, and good depth perception |
|
fur, claws, and small litters |
|
good depth perception, mammary glands, and single births |
|
placental reproduction, opposable thumbs, and good depth perception |
|
long tails used for balance, good depth perception, and opposable
thumbs |
|
7.
| |
Since humans colonized Madagascar, about 2,000 years ago, _____ out of about 50 lemur species have become extinct. (19.1) |
|
6 |
|
12 |
|
18 |
|
24 |
|
30 |
|
8.
| |
The prosimian and anthropoid lineages were diverging _____ million years ago. (19.1)
|
|
65 |
|
50 |
|
40 |
|
25 |
|
5 |
|
9.
| |
Old World and New World lineages diverged over _____ million years ago. (19.1)
|
|
65 |
|
50 |
|
40 |
|
25 |
|
5 |
|
10.
| |
The ancestor of apes evolved from Old World monkeys about _____ million years ago. (19.1) |
|
65 |
|
50 |
|
40 |
|
25 |
|
5 |
|
11.
| |
The lineage that led to humans diverged from the one that led to chimpanzees about _____ million years ago. (19.1) |
|
65 |
|
50 |
|
40 |
|
25 |
|
5 |
|
12.
| |
Anthropoids include _____ but not _____. (19.1) |
|
gibbons ... gorillas |
|
lemurs ... humans |
|
monkeys ... lemurs |
|
humans ... australopithecines |
|
Old World monkeys ... New World monkeys |
|
13.
| |
The modern genera of apes include ______. (19.2) |
|
gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, and chimpanzees |
|
lemurs and lorises |
|
tarsiers and gorillas |
|
Old World monkeys and New World monkeys |
|
New World monkeys and orangutans |
|
14.
| |
Humans are most closely related to _____. (19.2) |
|
orangutans |
|
gibbons |
|
lorises |
|
chimpanzees |
|
gorillas |
|
15.
| |
Hominoids include _____ but not _____. (19.3) |
|
humans ... monkeys |
|
apes ... australopithecines |
|
monkeys ... humans |
|
chimpanzees ... gorillas |
|
humans ... apes |
|
16.
| |
Hominids include _____ but not _____. (19.3) |
|
orangutans ... monkeys |
|
chimpanzees ... orangutans |
|
humans ... Neanderthals |
|
australopithecines ... great apes |
|
humans ... australopithecines |
|
17.
| |
The evolution of humans included all of these EXCEPT _____. (19.3) |
|
long-term care of offspring |
|
the evolution of an opposable thumb |
|
bipedal posture |
|
increased brain size |
|
reduced sexual dimorphism |
|
18.
| |
Scientists who study human evolution are called __________. (19.3) |
|
paleoanthropologists |
|
microbiologists |
|
meteorologists |
|
virologists |
|
mycologists |
|
19.
| |
Homo erectus __________. (19.3) |
|
followed H. habilis |
|
preceded H. habilis and produced no tools |
|
was identified by its lack of a supraorbital ridge |
|
males were much larger than H. erectus females |
|
none of the above is correct |
|
20.
| |
Which of the following correctly lists probable ancestors of modern humans from the oldest to the most recent? (19.3) |
|
Homo erectus, Australopithecus, Homo habilis |
|
Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus |
|
Australpithecus, Homo erectus, Homo habilis |
|
Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Australopithecus |
|
Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Australopithecus |
|
21.
| |
There is evidence that hominids evolved at least _____ years ago. (19.3)
|
|
50 million |
|
6 million |
|
4 million |
|
1.8 million |
|
100,000 |
|
22.
| |
Which of the following traits distinguishes hominids from apes? (19.4) |
|
the use of tools |
|
the use of fire |
|
an enlarged brain (relative to body size) |
|
bipedalism (upright walking) |
|
the absence of a tail |
|
23.
| |
__________ arose very early in hominid evolution; __________ evolved more recently. (19.4) |
|
Large brains ... prominent brow ridges |
|
Large brains ... upright posture |
|
Upright posture ... forward-looking eyes |
|
Upright posture ... large brains |
|
None of the above are correct. |
|
24.
| |
Bipedalism is associated first with what hominid? (19.4) |
|
australopithecines, such as Lucy |
|
Neanderthals |
|
Neanderthals, although they were stooped in posture |
|
all primates |
|
Homo erectus |
|
25.
| |
The oldest clearly hominid fossil dates to about _____ years ago. (19.4)
|
|
25 million |
|
4 million |
|
2.5 million |
|
1.8 million |
|
10,000 |
|
26.
| |
The first hominid known to make tools is(was) _____. (19.5) |
|
Australopithecus afarensis |
|
Homo sapiens |
|
Homo habilis |
|
Australopithecus africanus |
|
Homo erectus |
|
27.
| |
What was the earliest hominid to have an enlarged brain (relative to body size)? (19.5) |
|
Ardipithecus |
|
Australopithecus |
|
Homo habilis |
|
Homo erectus |
|
Neanderthal |
|
28.
| |
Relative to Homo habilis, Homo erectus _____. (19.5) |
|
was taller and bipedal. |
|
was taller and had a larger brain |
|
was distributed over a narrower geographic range |
|
exhibited a greater degree of sexual dimorphism |
|
was bipedal and had a larger brain |
|
29.
| |
The first Homo erectus fossils to be found out of Africa date to about _____ years ago. (19.5) |
|
25 million |
|
4 million |
|
2.5 |
|
1.8 million |
|
10,000 |
|
30.
| |
Based on the small degree of sexual dimorphism that they exhibit, some anthropologists think that Homo erectus was
_____. (19.5) |
|
polyandrous |
|
monoecious |
|
polygynous |
|
monosomic |
|
monogamous |
|
31.
| |
Some anthropologists think that modern races of Homo sapiens evolved from separate populations of archaic H.
sapiens in different geographic areas. How, then, do proponents of this multiregional hypothesis explain the great degree
of genetic similarity among modern humans? (19.6) |
|
The same mutations occurred in populations in different locations. |
|
Modern humans evolved from Homo erectus. |
|
All Homo sapiens populations were shaped by similar environments. |
|
There probably was interbreeding among neighboring populations. |
|
Modern races of humans are not at all genetically similar. |
|
32.
| |
The multiregional and replacement hypotheses for the origin of modern humans agree that _____. (19.6) |
|
Homo erectus had an African origin |
|
modern Homo sapiens originated only in Africa |
|
Neanderthals are the ancestors of modern humans in Europe |
|
Australopithecines migrated out of Africa |
|
North America had the first population of modern humans |
|
33.
| |
Which one of the following statements best fits the replacement hypothesis about the origin of modern humans? (19.6) |
|
Homo sapiens evolved from H. erectus in Africa
and then migrated elsewhere. |
|
Australopithecus migrated out of Africa, then diverged
into separate populations. |
|
The Neanderthals were the missing link between apes and humans. |
|
Homo sapiens arose from H. erectus populations
in several different areas. |
|
Homo habilis left Africa and then evolved into H. sapiens. |
|
34.
| |
Analysis of the Y chromosome of males from different geographic regions indicates that the spread of modern humans out
of Africa occurred about _____ years ago. |
|
4 million |
|
2.5 million |
|
1.8 million |
|
100,000 |
|
10,000 |
|
35.
| |
Unlike modern humans, Neanderthals _____; but like modern humans, they were _____. (19.6) |
|
were poor toolmakers ... bipedal |
|
were short and stocky ... capable of abstract thought |
|
were found only in Africa ... capable of abstract thought |
|
gave rise to Homo erectus ... skilled toolmakers |
|
were bipedal ... skilled toolmakers |
|
36.
| |
Which of these is NOT one of the major milestones in the evolution of Homo sapiens? (19.7) |
|
the evolution of bipedalism |
|
the evolution of an opposable thumb |
|
the evolution of a period of prolonged parental care of offspring |
|
the evolution of a large brain |
|
none of the above |
|
37.
| |
The aspect of culture that was common to both australopithecines and species of Homo was the _____. 19.8 |
|
scavenging-gathering-hunting stage |
|
machine age |
|
technology age |
|
information age |
|
agricultural stage |
|
38.
| |
Modern humans reached Australia about _____ years ago. 19.8 |
|
1.8 million |
|
100,000 |
|
50,000 |
|
30,000 |
|
50 years |
|
39.
| |
The development of _____ was accompanied by the origin of permanent settlements. (19.9) |
|
hunting |
|
machines |
|
cars |
|
agriculture |
|
the plow |
|
40.
| |
The third stage of human culture, the one in which we currently live, is the _____. (19.10) |
|
hunting stage |
|
scavenging age |
|
machine age |
|
gathering stage |
|
agricultural stage |
